The Late Antique Alexandrian tradition of physician-philosophers (iatrosophists), following Galen’s dictum about the excellent physician being also a philosopher, had a great impact on Byzantine medicine. Since Middle Byzantine times Byzantine iatrosophists stand in close relation to a highly developed and transcultural hospital system. After the Osmanic capture of Constantinople (1453) and the following migration movement of Byzantine scholars Italian university cities, like Padua, Bologna and Ferrara, evolved into centers of a newly developed Byzantine-Italian iatrosophism. This paper aims to outline the merits of some notable Postbyzantine iatrosophists in the preservation and further development of Byzantine medical traditions.